The flow of Russian gas through Ukraine ceased on January 1st following Kyiv’s decision not to extend its transit agreement with Gazprom. This development has created significant challenges for Moldova, particularly in its eastern region of Transnistria.
Transnistria, a separatist region that separated from Moldova during the Soviet Union’s collapse, has historically relied on Russian gas without payment. The region now faces immediate energy concerns, with heating limited to hospitals and essential infrastructure. Local authorities have established heating points and emergency hotlines for firewood assistance.
The situation affects Moldova’s broader energy security. The Kurchugan power plant in Transnistria, which provides 80% of Moldova’s electricity, has switched to coal operations with only 50 days of supplies remaining. While the Moldovan government claims it has secured gas reserves until spring and plans to purchase electricity from Europe, these alternatives come with substantially higher costs.
The Moldovan government and Gazprom disagree over outstanding debts. Gazprom claims Moldova owes nearly $700 million, while Moldova states an international audit showed approximately $9 million in debt, which has largely been settled.
Moldovan officials view this as more than an energy issue. “We’re treating this not as an energy crisis but a security crisis, induced by Russia to destabilize Moldova both economically and socially,” says Olga Rosca, foreign policy adviser to Moldova’s president. The timing is significant as Moldova approaches parliamentary elections in 2025.
The situation in Transnistria remains precarious. Local residents report minimal heating and declining gas pressure. The region’s authorities have declined external assistance, including generators. Economic impacts could be severe, as the region faces potential price increases for essential services while operating with limited employment opportunities and modest pensions.
Moldova’s broader political context includes its recent moves toward EU integration and away from Russian influence, despite significant challenges. The resolution of this energy crisis could have lasting implications for Moldova’s political and economic future.
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